How a Pneumatic Cylinder Works？

Using compressed air to move the piston inside a cylinder, pneumatics can generate thousands of pounds of force. Pneumatic cylinders are used in many different applications, including oil & gas, mining, automotive, and paper & pulp. The materials used in pneumatic cylinders vary depending on the environment and application. These cylinders are available in several styles and designs.

There are two types of pneumatic cylinders, single acting and double acting. The difference between these two types is the direction of force exerted on the piston.
The single acting cylinder relies on an external source of force to move the piston. It is usually found in internal engines and pumps. The piston is a disc-shaped component that serves as a movable partition within the cylinder.

The cylinder is typically assembled with a piston seal, which ensures an airtight seal between the piston and the chamber. A rubber buffer can be placed around the piston to absorb shock.
The cylinder is then assembled with a piston rod, which is extended on both sides of the piston. This enables equal force on both sides of the cylinder. The piston rod also has a cushioned nose. The piston guide rings are made of low friction plastics. The guide rings prevent direct metallic contact between the piston and the chamber.
The compressed air is then directed through a valve, which changes the port. This causes the piston to extend out of the cylinder and away from the rear end cap. The piston is then returned to the home position.